The 5 largest ethnic groups in Pennsylvania are White (Non-Hispanic) (75.6%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (10.7%), White (Hispanic) (4.01%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (3.52%), and Other (Hispanic) (2.47%). The middle class included the . The English (1497, John Cabot), the French (1524, Verrazano), the Spanish (1492, Columbus in the West Indies, and other Spanish explorers reaching North America perhaps by 1520), and the Dutch (1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch East India Company, on his ship the Half Moon) all claimed lands. bookmarked pages associated with this title. A significant percentage of Atlantic shipping was on vessels built in the colonies, and shipbuilding stimulated other crafts, such as the sewing of sails, milling of lumber, and manufacturing of naval stores. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being The Pennsylvania Colony became a U.S. state on December 12 th, 1787. 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by landowners. The crops they grewbarley, wheat, and oatswere the same as those grown in England, so they had little export value compared with the staples of the southern plantations. The Colonies | The Carolinas The land he received was rich with natural resources including two river valleys, extensive forests and a large portion of the Appalachian Mountains. Philadelphia is the states only first-class city and may have special legislation. There are also more than 50 private colleges and universities in Pennsylvania. The social structure of the colonies. In Pennsylvania, religious groups, ideologies and state laws reflected the thoughts of the men that created them when it came to a woman's place in society and at home. With opportunities for newcomers limited in the settled coastal areas, many German and ScotchIrish immigrants pushed into the interior, where available land was more abundant. They had 3 social classes. Temple University (1884), in Philadelphia, the University of Pittsburgh (1787), and Lincoln University (1854) are also state-supported. Penn at that time was 38 years of age. In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed into Delaware Bay, thus giving the Dutch their claim to the area. Today, the universitys Wharton School is recognized for its leadership in business education, and its renowned Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (also known as the Penn Museum) sponsors archaeological expeditions throughout the world. The council would govern when the governor was absent and this group was allowed to create courts of justice and assign judge positions. Manufacturing in the Pennsylvania Colony included shipbuilding, textiles, and papermaking. They had 3 social classes. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Colonial Pennsylvania is about half the size of Moisture from the air keeps it cool and humid as well as maintains a level of moisture in the ground, therefore making very suited for agriculture. (The African American-led Pythian Baseball Club and the Cuban Giants emerged in the 1860s and 1880s, respectively, around the same time as the Philadelphia Phillies.). Similar to other major cities at the time, immigrants grouped themselves by income and ethnicity. William Penn initially requested his land grant be named Sylvania, from the Latin for woods. Charles II instead named it Pennsylvania, after Penns father, causing Penn to worry that settlers would believe he named it after himself. Middle Colonies - Social Standing Flexible social structure. Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. Unrivaled Mac notes apps for fuss-free note-taking, 6 Actionable Tips for Improving Your Websites SEO, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. William Penn's 'Holy Experiment' on the Delaware River. . Today, the Hershey name decorates numerous buildings in the town known for its chocolate factory, hotel and theme park as well as its community and cultural and educational institutions. Pennsylvania grew 8 times its original amount from 1700 to 1780. Despite a seemingly peaceful transition of land, after multiple battles and failed attempts to live harmoniously, many of Pennsylvanias Native Americans gradually left and migrated west. At the turn of the 21st century, health services employed about one-tenth of the workforce, and health care was increasingly available throughout the state. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. He was a liberal ruler who granted power and privileges to his people, such as allowing them to appoint their own judicial and executive officers. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. Private schools are largely supported by tuition. Mercantile theory encouraged the colonies to provide raw materials for England's industrializing economy; pig iron and coal became important exports. Caused by a series of system malfunctions and human errors, the plants nuclear reactor core partially melted, and thousands of residents were evacuated or fled the area, fearing exposure to radiation. Pennsylvania State Government | Study.com At the top of the hierarchy were the wealthy landowners and merchants, followed by the middle class of skilled tradesmen and shopkeepers. Penn named the territory New Wales. The lack of slaves in the colony meant everyone had to work hard on a daily basis while the children received an education in the colony schools. It was founded in 1682 by the English Quaker William Penn. The Second Frame of Government of April 1683 replaced the first frame. In 1712, the trade of enslaved people was outlawed in Pennsylvania. The governor is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected for one additional term. The land that became the Pennsylvania Colony had been in dispute for many years by the English, Dutch, and the Swedes. The government provides most of the funds for public social services in Pennsylvania. Consisted of the wealthy and best educated, Were made up of sailors and apprentices.. As the size of the colony increases up to a maximum of about 60,000 workers, so does the efficiency of the colony. Religious tolerance, diversity, and representative government became reality here in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. In addition, the General Assembly adopted the Great Law, which provided for the liberty of conscience in terms of religious affiliations. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. In 1884, Milton made the Hershey Chocolate Company a subsidiary of the already established Lancaster Caramel Company. In 1610 Virginian Captain Samuel Argall visited Delaware Bay (he named it for Lord de la Warr, governor of Virginia). Class System. Economic recessions were common in the colonies during the eighteenth century, and they affected workers in the cities most. Penn was a supporter of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, a controversial religion at the time that rejected rituals and oaths and opposed war. Urban women, freed from such domestic chores as spinning and candle making (cloth and candles could be purchased in the cities), had somewhat more leisure time, and they might help their husbands in their shop or tavern. Of these the University of Pennsylvania (1740), in Philadelphia, an Ivy League school, is one of the most distinguished. Colonial agriculture. This marks the first permanent settlement by Europeans in Pennsylvania. The colony is also part of the "bread basket of America" because it was suitable to grow a surplus of wheat, corn, barley, and rye. Pennsylvania was one of the Middle colonies, along with New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. Penn wanted to create a haven for his persecuted friends in the New World and asked the King to grant him land in the territory between the province of Maryland and the province of New York. The gentry, upper class, contained large landowners and wealthy merchants. Because of Hershey's success, Milton was able to fund the town of Hershey and his Hershey Industrial School for orphan boys. from your Reading List will also remove any Pennsylvania and other middle colonies had a more equal class system. Immediately, Penn sent his cousin William Markham to the territory to take control of it and be its governor. The Quaker farmers turned to these for work on their farms. The University of Pennsylvania, for example, added several graduate programs, admitted women to them, and enrolled students of color. The overwhelming majority of colonists were farmers. By 1768, all of present Pennsylvania except the northwestern third was purchased. Race Ethnicity Or Social Class Neither Should The Quakers, Labeling Themselves As The Society of Friends The Quakers Around the early 1900s, educational opportunities became more readily available through expanding colleges and universities. Hershey is considered the Chocolate Capital of the United States. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . The English and its colonies despised the Quakers for refusal to pay taxes in support of war or participate in any acts of war. Part of present-day Pennsylvania was actually included in the territory named New Sweden that had been founded by Swedish settlers in 1638. The gentry were the rich class. A unified judicial system comprises the Supreme Court, Superior Court, Commonwealth Court, county courts, and a system of lower courts. The "gentry" were the rich class. 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by . Colonial industry was closely associated with trade. Women were viewed as weaker and had to give total respect to the men. Natural resources in the Pennsylvania Colony included iron ore, coal, furs, forest, and farmland. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and . Smaller cities have various governmental forms, while boroughs have elected councils and mayors with limited powers. On a relatively small farm growing grain, it was cheaper to do it this way than to own slaves. The rest of Pennsylvanias cities are designated as third-class. Now, in 1682, Penn finally stood on the shores of the colony of Pennsylvania. Their farms were worked by tenant farmers, who received a share of the crop for their labor. Large landholders were not confined just to the southern colonies. Although women gave up their property rights when they married, single women and widows could inherit property under English law. ThoughtCo, Apr. The governor in colonial times was a direct representative of the British king or queen. What Was Daily Life Like in Colonial Pennsylvania? - Reference.com The whole structure was conducive to abuses of power. Kelly, Martin. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. The government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. Penn and Taminend, Leni Lenape chief, exchanged wampum belts under the Shackamaxon elm in Philadelphia. At the end of the day everyone danced on the new barn/house floor. The assembly officials were elected by the people of Pennsylvania to be representatives of the people. In the late 20th century the provision of better health service to all people at all ages became a goal at both private and governmental levels. Our Demographics. Between the Civil War and the 1920s, state government was, with a few exceptions in the late 19th century, controlled by the Republican Party. What did the Quakers do in the Pennsylvania Colony? The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. The climate and geography of colonial Pennsylvania was similar to that of the current state of Pennsylvania. Whether refugees from war (the Germans, for example) or victims of persecution or economic conditions in their homelands (the Irish and ScotchIrish), the new arrivals added to the ethnic and religious mosaic of eighteenthcentury America. Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. The city was the worlds largest and most varied manufacturer of textile weaving including Weavers at the Quaker Lace Company, the Pennsylvania Woven Carpet Mills and the New Glen Echo Mills. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. The Quakers were among the most radical of the English Protestant sects that had sprung up in the 17th century. But in just a few decades, his great-grandson, Milton Hershey, would become one of the most famous chocolatiers in the world and transformed their homestead into the unofficial chocolate capital of the country. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. Explanation: The social classes during the Colonial times were determined by wealth, land ownership and job titles. The colony was well-advertised, and by 1700 it was the third-biggest and the richest colony in the New World. The descendants of the Dutch patroons and the men who received lands from the English royal governors controlled estates in the middle colonies. The state became a major oil refinery and storage center. Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. Tourists are drawn to Pennsylvania by its monuments to Americas revolutionary history, including Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell. Penn and his friends came up from Chester in an open boat and landed on the low and sandy beach at Dock Creek, it is believed. William Penn set sail from England in August, 1682, with Captain Greenway, in the ship Welcome. At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. King Charles II of England owed $80,000 to Admiral Sir William Penn. Philadelphia, a city in Pennsylvania whose name means City of Brotherly Love, was originally settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Lenape hunter gatherers . Enslaved, This Meant That Since God Did Not Make Distinctions By Gender Built On Equality. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# The Pennsylvania colony was one of the 13 original British colonies that became the United States of America. Natural increase, the excess of live births over deaths, was important to the population growth, but ongoing European immigration was a factor as well. He received the land grant as payment for a personal debt owed by the king to his father. The conflict resulted in the War of Regulation, in which the western insurgents were crushed at the Battle of Alamance Creek on May 16, 1771. The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". Politics - Pennsylvania Colony Women were expected to help the men in hard labor tasks in order for survival. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.

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