, r to the interactive in the lesson for information on each group.) This allowed for indirect rule (instead of centralized direct authority), where the Aztec did not have to be present in conquered areas to maintain control. Qing portraits of emperors and high officials meant to impress. The Mughal Empire is also known for its religious tolerance, as the emperors welcomed people of different faiths and sought to create a peaceful and harmonious society. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. The Spanish Empire was distinguished by a powerful centralized government and a vast network of trade and colonization. What were the economic factors that drove maritime exploration by Europeans? Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. How did Islamic Emperors use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. A, For those empires that expanded overseas, there were two major types that corresponded more to the situation of the colonized regions. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. The Incan Empire was founded in the early 13th century and reached its height of power in the 15th century, when it controlled a large territory that included much of the western Andes and parts of present-day Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. (direct object), p.n.p.n.p.n. What methods were used by the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). They built strong militaries that were able to give threat to competitive empires. As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. Why does it have these characteristics? It is a Spanish estate, sometimes could be a plantation, mines, or factories. As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. Unit 3 (Land-Based Empires): 1450-1750 Review, Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck. What did the Protestant Reformation continue? The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. \hline \text { Column 2 } & {10} & {348} \\ AP World Unit 3 Land-Based Empires Quiz - Quizizz African Americans It was also known for its impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, and terraced agriculture. What factors drove the demand for chattel slavery? Salvation came from faith alone and the Church could not determine your destiny. Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. The Dutch were a highly commercialized society that's main trade was in spices. However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700? The Qing Dynasty was China's final imperial dynasty. During the Russian Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Advertisement New questions in History Previous Advertisement The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The only one of the singers who (knows, know) this part is absent. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Unit 3 AP World History Study Guide Flashcards | Quizlet Maybe. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450-1750. by Lauren edone RELIGION TAX & TRIBUTE BEUREACRATIC ELITES BUREACTRATIC ELITES Janissaries Rulers employed bureaucratic elites to enforce laws and military pros to Used the Shia version of Islam. During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. As more land was found and Europeans created trading posts in Africa, more Africans were enslaved and more goods were produced. They also expanded trade which enriched the rulers. European empires arose in 1450-1750 by conquering trade ports and lands from around the world. separated people into groups of religions etc. Mercantilism is an economic practice where empires use their economies to grow in state power. Santeria - West African faith + Roman Catholicism. This included the continuity of using religious ideas to legitimize their rule. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. Missionaries The British mostly worked in the sea as they traded soldiers, goods, explorers, and soil for their land. How did land based empires consolidate power in this era? Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. Give examples of how state expansion and centralization led to resistance from groups on a local level. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. One way rulers legitimized and consolidated their power was through the use of tributes and taxes. (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). Jamaica had a growing slave population throughout this time period. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. The Safavids were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Safavid style of art and architecture. During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. \text { Source of } \\ Relative to the total population. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. Negative - disease spread, environmental issues, slave rebellion, silver taken. Name the technology, its origins, and where it diffused. wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior, religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society, English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval). If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. Centralizing their bureaucracies & consolidating power based on tribute, Unit 3 WHAP Review (c. 1450-1750 CE)Land-Based Empires. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards | Quizlet The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. Bureaucracy/Military (ex. These things brought them great wealth. Native Americans did not have biological immunity to the common diseases brought by Europeans like smallpox and typhoid. During the Safavid Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. It was also known for having an advanced government system that included a well-organized bureaucracy and a highly centralized administration. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). Another knock against the Europeans in this period (1450-1750), is to look at when the Land Based Empires finally fell. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. A Protestant denomination of the Christian faith founded by Henry VIII in England when he wasn't allowed by the Pope to divorce. The Manchu imposed their will on the Qing people, Muslim rulers over India, combined Hindu and Muslim, brought India to the peak of its political empire, had a single government with a common culture, = Turkish empire based in Anatolia. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. 1555 agreement after the 30 Years War declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. However, the legacy of the French Empire lives on in the many countries that were influenced by French culture and institutions during this time. What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. During the Ottoman Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and music, flourished. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. The Tokugawa Shogunate, also known as the Edo period, was a period in Japanese history that lasted from 1603 to 1868. The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. __________________, The last imperial dynasty of China. The Russian Empire lasted from 1721 until the 1917 Russian Revolution. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. Use of brilliant military generals helped rulers maintain further their domain. How governments maintain legitimacy varies across empires, but the chart above illustrates two general ways that empires claimed the right to rule. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the establishment of the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire was dissolved. Large cultural divide. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. Why does it have these characteristics? In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. They had religious tolerance as different religions were allowed. He was approached by Lord Macartney about liberalizing the trade restrictions; turned down the offer claiming that Europe had nothing to offer China. Triangular ships adopted by the Arabs, astrolabe which was created from the Muslims, the caravel created by the Portuguese, and the magnifying glass from the Chinese are all technological diffusions are all important developments and innovations. But some reasons include: Long-term conflict with other land-based powers, which focus attention on land-based concerns. They ruled with aristocrats who were elected based on merit and their power was controlled. The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. While the Columbian Exchange and Columbuss Voyages capture most of the attention between 1450-1750, at the same time, around the world a number of land empires centralized. Elite Safavid soldiers made up of enslaved people from Armenian and Circassian populations, much like Devshirme. What are some examples of religious tolerance 1450-1700? Eurasian empires had all gained access to gunpowder based weapons. Rulers continue to use religious ideas to justify their rule, Rulers waged conflicts against other rulers of different religions. What changes in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? Although the adopted political traditions in China, the Qing were committed to making the Manchu culture dominant. Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. It was founded by Sonni Ali, who established the Songhai Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. Describe European maritime empires: Spanish. Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. What were the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. It was founded by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty and established their own rule over China. These measures included Japan's isolation and strict trade regulations. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. Explain how land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power because rulers were able to either have religious tolerance or have a specific religion that they believe. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. The empire was known for its strong military, which allowed it to conquer and expand its territory by conquering a number of neighboring states. A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai, a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867, Muslim ruler who led Songhai to the height of its power. Joint-stock companies allowed financed exploration which led to finding and conquering lands which expanded their power. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? During its reign, the Qing Empire experienced significant economic, social, and cultural development, and it played a significant role in world affairs. Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. The French Empire, also known as the Napoleonic Empire, was a French state that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the early 19th to the mid-19th century. How was the Protestant conflict similar to and different from the Ottoman/Safavid split? The Ottomans were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Ottoman style of art and architecture. On the answer line, write Correct for correct use and Incorrect for incorrect use. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the Mali Empire, which had previously been the dominant power in West Africa. Positive - new technologies and food This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. The fall of the Inca Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in South America and the beginning of the colonial period. \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. Still used Mandate of Heaven, State and NeoConfucianism. The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. They were open to Mongol, Tibet and Muslim Religions and did not force their Chinese culture. 4. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. It was also renowned for its architectural and artistic accomplishments, as well as its military prowess. The Dutch Empire was a global empire that was centered in the Netherlands and that controlled a significant portion of the world from the 16th to the early 20th century. There were two main joint-stock companies. These empires were land-based, meaning they focused their attention predominantly on land-based expansion or administration and did not express interest in controlling overseas territory. This blood is provided through wars, conquests and POW sacrifices. They saw each other as heretical and fought each other for land. It was founded by Ismail I, who declared the Safavid dynasty to be the region's legitimate rulers. Why does it have these characteristics? What methods were used by the Aztec Empire to collect taxes? (Christians and Muslims). How did the Ottoman Empire expand their empire? Ruled from 1644 until 1911. The Mexica were a Native American civilization that existed from the 14th to the 16th centuries in central Mexico. Fromthe16thtotheearly20thcenturies,theFrenchEmpirewas centered in France and ruled over the majority of the world. However, the Qing Dynasty was also marked by political and social unrest, including several major rebellions and the Taiping Rebellion, which was one of the deadliest conflicts in world history. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. Why does it have these characteristics? A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. \hline \text { Groups } & {\text { Count }} &{\text { Average }} \\ By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. The Tokugawa Shogunate ended in 1868, when the Meiji Restoration restored power to the emperor and ended the shogunate's rule. Positive - new products were being traded, allies were made, wealth, plantation farming increased Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. In the period from 1450 to 1750, the development of religions and the interactions of belief systems often had political, social, and cultural implications. But there are a few key features of these empires. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. It was a major player in world affairs and one of the great powers of the nineteenth century. The Casta system was a racial hierarchy created for the Spanish to maintain power. How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? Through a 8 year conquest moving east ward and stopping at Russia. The French Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its impact on European politics and history. The shogunate also established a system of feudalism, in which the daimyo, or regional lords, were required to spend every other year in the capital, Edo (present-day Tokyo). This allowed empires to expand and use the military to take over other empires and conquer land. Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. Why did this split intensify during the 1450-1750 time period? From the 15th to the early 20th centuries, the Portuguese Empire ruled over a significant portion of the world. To maintain control, the Tokugawa shogunate established a strong, centralized government and implemented a number of measures. In the New World, work was done on plantations with slaves, communities were spread out, and there were natives. It reduced threats as other empires saw the money they had. Positive - populations increased, food supply increased, livestock altered the environment and provided What continuities in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. It did, however, lead to further spread of Christianity. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. The. King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. The Russian nobility, known as. Unified Hindu and Islamic civilizations. The economy became more centralized and industrialized, and the arts, including literature, theater, and the tea ceremony, flourished. It was founded by the Aztec civilization, which developed in the central valley of Mexico and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Flashcards | Quizlet Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) 5.0 (5 reviews) Term 1 / 58 Manchu Dynasty (Qing) Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 58 The last imperial dynasty of China. The Songhai Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major regional power. They established a. France and England were not as financially stable. Sikhism developed in relation to the Mughal Empire as they both shared the beliefs of Hinduism and Islam. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan underwent significant economic and cultural development. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. This site is using cookies under cookie policy .

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