Which of the following is not typical of state societies? C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. Learn a new word every day. E. are headed by grandparents. One possible explanation was that the foreign materials had been given to the islanders by a powerful deity or ancestral spirit, an entity who eventually acquired the name John Frum. One effect of the economic and social policies of colonial regimes was. The former involves the use of domesticated animals, while the latter does not. It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. Although the details of these practices differ in various cultural settings, it is possible to categorize them into types based on their goals. D. kinship, descent, and marriage. One of these is to help ensure a good harvest by impressing the spirits with a dramatic display of bravery. B. not all cultures define incest the same way. B. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. consent of Rice University. Behavior that violates the commandments brings both social disapproval from other members of the religious community and potential punishment from God. What is the primary difference between a village head and a big man? D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. It is found only among mining communities in Madagascar. C. They live largely in isolation from food-producing neighbors and the influence of the state. B. A. C. 100,000 years ago. The gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities relative strength, endurance, intelligence, etc. They clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A change in the biological structure or cultural practices of an individual or population by which it becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce in its environment is called:, All of the following statements about the lengthy period of human immaturity are correct EXCEPT:, Among the Inuit, childhood play is useful in . A. Unlike rites of intensification and many rites of passage, rites of affliction are usually non-calendrical and unplanned. The best known examples of pantribal sodalities existed among societies in. D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. B. it is immoral for humans to engage in such activities. E. sexual practices of chimpanzees. A. a ritual that is performed at a critical point in an individual's life cycle. Blood feuds B. The term is generally not preferred by anthropologists. What kind of exchange principle was prominent in Polynesian chiefdoms? The term intersex describes A. gender stratification processes. E. the idea that child care is a womans responsibility. B. pastoralism. Explain the social forces of liminality and communitas. A. Rites of passage and rites of intensification can play an important role in a community by helping to build a sense of unity and purpose. B. Band and clan B. Lineage and nuclear family C. Extended family and clan. A. Patrilineality B. Patrilocality C. Warfare. What is the basis of political organization in states? Rituals are never exactly duplicated, and not all rituals serve the same purpose. D. The separation of workers from the things they produce. Shaman. E. Their diet is more varied than that of horticulturalists. According to Weber, what is the basis of social status? 12. Using Apple's 10-K, answer the following questions (Hint: It may be easier to use the Word or PDF file and use the search . then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. D. Men and women enjoy approximately equal status. It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. What have recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated? D. They formerly relied on the national government for cash payouts but are now self- sufficient. It is used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are. A. A. Tanna was one of these locations and this formerly isolated community experienced an extremely rapid transformation as the U.S. military introduced modern conveniences such as electricity and automobiles. B. balanced reciprocity. Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society? All peasants A. produce food without elaborate technology. What term is synonymous with bridewealth? D. To become a big man, an individual must wear a tonowi shell necklace, which is imported from the coast and is therefore quite expensive by Kapauku standards. A. A. C. descent groups include only the children of the groups women. During the final stage of the Kinaald, in the morning of the fourth day, the mother washes her daughters hair and dries it with cornmeal (corn is a Navajo deity). Baseball players use magic (as defined by anthropologists) True. A. C. Individuals differ in every society on the nature, range, and intensity of their sexual interests. Tensegrity. D. civil strife. The 1909 book "Rites of Passage" was written by: Arnold Van Gennep. A postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture and international mercantilism B. He was traveling with his wife, and no one would talk to a woman. C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. A. human sexuality is completely determined by biology. E. They are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups. Liminal The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. What term refers to a gift made by the husband and his kin to the bride and her kin? Which would be considered a rite of intensification? Not all rites of passage are religious. A. Young boys on reaching puberty will shave their heads and scar their View the full answer Previous question Next question This stressful time helps to build bonds between the boys that will follow them through their lives as adult men. Current investigation has gathered the following data. Clan B. Lineage, C. Extended family D. Family of procreation. Because the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, it does not coincide annually with the Gregorian calendar followed by most of the Western world today. A situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time, B. Verified answer. B. not all cultures define incest the same way. They retain their power by maintaining strong ties with the commoner class. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. C. It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion. Nuclear families are always exogamous, while descent groups are always endogamous. C. patrilocality. D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. B. "Religion" by Sashur Henninger-Rener, Pasadena City College. During World War II, many islands in the South Pacific were used by the U.S. military as temporary bases. Examples of prescribed, periodic rituals include all of the following except: b. Quinceaneras. A. Chiefdom B. B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines. A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a(an). There are literally hundreds of different methods of divination. Eliot Dismore Chapple and Carleton Stevens Coon, Anthony F.C. A. women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. C. The Great Plains of North America. A. Rules of endogamy A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal. There are many categories of ritual: commemoration feasts or rituals (e.g., Christmas or Hannukah), which are usually held over a calendrical cycle, usually a year; divinatory rites to find the causes of illness, ask for healing, or prophesy about the future, which usually occur on an as-needed basis; and rites of rebellion, in which social rules and norms may be inverted to emphasize their value within a society. A. Before their journey home, the isolated living quarters are burned to the ground, symbolizing the loss of childhood. According to Rosenberg, which of the following words, other than religion, has been used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are? E. It is not present in the industrial states of the Western world. Women are subservient to men in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. Mecca is an important symbolic place for Muslims because it was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. A corporation that owns businesses in more than one nation. E. Rites of passage would be effective in diminishing anxiety and fear if they did not involve the liminal phase. Rituals tend to have a common structure even though ritual and ritual performance can be quite variable. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. a type of space frame in which no two compression members (struts) are directly attached to each other, usually with a multiplicity of ties. D. Anthropologists, like Kottak, predominantly believe that the incest taboo has a genetic basis. To accomplish this, men from the community construct wooden towers sixty to eighty feet high, tie ropes made from tree vines around their ankles, and jump head-first toward the ground (Figure 5). - separation stage. An intense spirit of unity, solidarity, and togetherness that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys? This ritual appears in the Bible, used both as a means of conveying the Holy Spirit (Num. D. redistribution. E. result in ever-widening kinship networks. B. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. (ideological ritual) Society is a series of positions, each one known as status, as a member of society changes status, they change their social relationship with society. It exists only in the northwestern coast of North America. Delivered to your inbox! A. horticulture. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals. One notable example is a ritual that developed on the island of Tanna in the South Pacific. B. inherited status. Individual actions have effects on ones karma. D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. C. Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. It was believed to sap a mans vitality. A. E. Too many men are being left without wives. B. swiddening. The term anti-structure, coined by Victor Turner refers to: Equalitarian relationships during the ritual process. Believers place their hands on the shoulders or head of the congregant who seeks healingwhether from social, mental, or physical distressin the belief that with fervent prayer and physical contact, the Holy Spirit can move from one individual to another to strengthen, heal, and anoint them with Gods grace. Song contests C. Killing an offender. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. One well-known example are the ideas expressed in the Ten Commandments, which are incorporated in the teachings of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and prohibit behaviors such as theft, murder, adultery, dishonesty, and jealousy while also emphasizing the need for honor and respect between people. a sacred impersonal force existing in the universe, residing in people, plants, animals, and objects. A. Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is true? A. Melanesia. A. Nonindustrial producers do not partake in the results of their labor. Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true? 10 million years ago. C. Divorce is harder in a patrilineal society. One type of ritual is a rite of passage, a ceremony designed to transition individuals between life stages. During the hajj ritual, the pilgrims will perform many faith acts, including circling the Kaaba, a building at the center of the mosque representing the most sacred place, seven times clockwise to open the ritual; praying; running between the nearby hills of Safa and Marwah; clipping their hair; going east of Mecca to confess their sins and seek atonement; gathering pebbles to perform a symbolic stoning of the devil; buying sacrifice vouchers so that an animal will be sacrificed on their behalf; and then again circling the Kaaba seven times, this time counterclockwise, to close the hajj. A fastening device for the first pottery to keep animals out of the food C. A harvest festival in agricultural cultures D. A lock for the outhouse that is shaped like a pot E. A rite of intensification to solidify group bonds. E. Nuclear families are found only in industrial societies, while descent groups are found only in foraging societies. A. Incest is tabooed only in societies that practice patrilocal residence. A. greater ecological diversity. Which of the following does not describe the situation of the Yanomami? One example of a rite of passage among the Navajo of the southwestern United States is the Kinaald. In Malinowski's research, Trobriand Islanders relied on three sources of information to guide them in their daily activities: religion, magic and science. Verified answer. They primarily fish for subsistence. After the ceremony, she is reintroduced to her community as a woman and not a child; she is now considered a young adult. More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line. Consider the following: a. the problem of gridlock b. the increase in the size of the United States. A big man can enforce his decisions. During the days of seclusion, there are many different tasks as the girl is initiated into womanhood. A shift to agriculture has recently taken place. A. C. descent groups include only the children of the groups women. An obligatory interaction between groups or organisms that is beneficial to each is known as A. cultivation. The word cult also has connotations with fringe or dangerous beliefs and this association also distorts understanding of the practice. The second stage of a rite of passage in which the individual is in a marginal or in-between phase, which often includes a time of testing and trials. As sociologist mile Durkheim noted, they follow a formal order or sequence, called a liturgical order; are performed in a place that is set apart and sacred during the time of the performance; and are inherently social. D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. In an attempt to make sense of these developments, the islands residents developed a variety of theories about the reason for these changes. B. sons become lifetime members of their mothers group, but daughters belong to their fathers group. belief in multiple gods. none of the answers provided are a rite of intensification. Rites of intensification are characterized by: 1. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. B. A pantribal sodality that represents a certain level of social achievement C. All men and women related by patrilineal descent from a human apical ancestor D. All men and women related by matrilineal descent from a nonhuman apical ancestor, E. A group including all men or women born during a certain span of time, Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individuals power and prestige in a state? Why does a big man accumulate wealth? C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. E. The Basseri and Qashqai were two of the age sets in Melanesian society. C. Big men typically are war leaders and as such they must maintain a supply of grievance gifts to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. B. A. More than 1 billion of the world's population live on less than $1 a day but a meal for two at a good restaurant in a major wealthy city can easily . a. the price and quantity variances need to be identified separately to correct the actual major differences. A primarily foraging-based subsistence strategy B. E. postmarriage residence tends to be patrilocal. C. fallowing. D. heterosexual sex is more common among humans than among other primates. These rituals are used to bind members of the community together, to create a sense of communitas or unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. Creative Commons Attribution License Which of the following is one of the main differences between descent groups and nuclear families? In the separation stage, the boys leave their homes and are circumcised; they cannot express distress or signs of pain during the procedure. What is a potlatch? C. They formerly felt they had everything they needed, but now many people desire cash. A. Pastoral B. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. Which of the following statements about gender differences among tropical and semitropical foragers is true? What is an ascribed status? E. human sexuality is completely determined by culture. When an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of A. balanced reciprocity. Family of orientation C. Family of nucleation, What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal? C. It requires irrigation. A. During liminality, an individual is what Turner calls betwixt and between (95), without social status or standing, outside of the structure, and in transition from one social stage to another. a. all the answer provided are part of the rite of passage (Correct). They can also be a way for people to connect with their heritage and culture. Which of the following statements about agriculturalists is true? Redistribution C. Generalized reciprocity, A big mans position depends on all of the following except. The term alienation is used to describe what phenomenon in industrial economies? C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. D. Foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes regarding gender roles. C. the status of women declines when they provide most of the food. A. C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. In his work Ritual (1993), West African writer and ritual scholar Malidoma Som ([1993] 1997, 68) outlines the major stages of most ritual acts: Even when rituals are scripted and parts are carefully read and followed, individual participation and collaboration will subtly change a ritual each time it is enacted or performed. There are many societies in which women control all the strategic resources and engage in the most prestigious activities. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. A. Which of the following is not one of the adaptive strategies included in Cohens typology? According to Aihwa Ong, spirit possession of female factory workers in Malaysia is. Family of procreation B. A. Mexico B. Malabar Coast of India C. Eastern Siberia. Some of the most famous pilgrimages are the hajj, an Islamic pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia; the Christian pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, a site in France where Mary is believed to have appeared; and the Hindu pilgrimage to the River Ganges in India. Band. At the center of the photo, note the Kaaba, the symbolic dwelling place of Allah. According to the textbook, which of the following are NOT human mediators of sacred powers? The theory that people will use scientific technology as far as it will extend and then will resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as? Students also viewed. They can follow the Noble Eightfold Path, rules based on the teachings of Buddha that emphasize the need for discipline, restraint, humility, and kindness in every aspect of life. Victor Turner. B. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. C. maladaptive, since smaller families would have fewer expenses. Buddhism, the worlds fourth largest religion, demonstrates the strong connection between spiritual beliefs and rules for everyday behavior. The firm is in the 40% tax bracket. C. are foragers. C. Chiefdoms lack ascribed statuses. C. The Yanomami claim that the government is not providing the same level of health care assistance as the missionaries, leading to an increase in deaths. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Serial polyandry, C. Filial marriage D. Levirate marriage E. Polygynous marriage, The anthropological term for a socially recognized mother is. Actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. rite of intensification : a ritualistic procedure associated with periodic events or seasonal crises affecting a societal group as a whole Love words? Each year on February fifteenth, many of the islands residents construct copies of U.S. airplanes, runways, or towers and march in military formation with replicas of military rifles and American blue jeans. Population pressure is high. E. increased intervillage warfare. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. A. Muslims believe that polygyny is a sin. The women of the community prepare special costumes and dances for the occasion and everyone takes care of land divers who may be injured during the dive. B. Band B. Because they do not irrigate their fields, agriculturalists are more dependent on seasonal rains. Whether directly through a shamanic journey or through the mediation of a religious leader, communities petition the spirits or deity for healing or a blessing. D. a reflection of the workers gratitude for having been hired. Legal. B. genitor. Salat involves praying in the direction of the holy city of Mecca at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, and evening every day, regardless of where the believer is located or even what they are doing. B. deforestation. Which of the following is not associated with the market principle? B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines. A. European immigration around 1900 B. B. Rituals, also called rites, are performative acts by which we carry out our religious beliefs, public and private. C. the market principle. E. is higher in Yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of Madagascar. The worldwide increase in female-headed households stems from all of the following except A. decreasing divorce rates.

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