Argentinosaurus vs 2x Giganotosaurus 1,226 views Jan 17, 2022 37 Dislike Share Save Lethal_Giggles 146 subscribers Playing on Everglades. [54], John Stanton McIntosh provided a synopsis of sauropod relationships in 1990, using Titanosauridae as the group to contain all taxa like previous authors. From skin impressions found with fossils, it has been determined that the skin of many titanosaurs was armored with a small mosaic of small, bead-like scales surrounding larger scales. Argentinosaurus is a genus of giant sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Argentina. [37] Traditionally, the majority of sauropod fossils from the Cretaceous had been referred to a single family, the Titanosauridae, which has been in use since 1893. Similarly to the Rebbachisauridae, titanosaurs lost the hyposphene-hypantrum articulations, a set of surfaces between vertebrae that prevent additional rotation of the bones. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. [33][77][78][79][41] From these updates, an analysis of 548 characters and 124 taxa was published by Mannion et al. The generic name Argentinosaurus means "Argentine lizard", and the specific name huinculensis refers to its place of discovery, Plaza Huincul. John Hurt narrates the facts behind the discovery of huge Argentinosaurus nesting site in modern day Patagonia. In terms of mass, Earths largest mammal is the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). (1999) and modifying it to include additional taxa and some character changes, Powell found that titanosaurs formed mostly a single gradual radiation beginning with Epachthosaurus as the most basal titanosaur, and Ampelosaurus and Isisaurus as the most derived. Additional specimens include a complete femur (thigh bone) and the shaft of another. Although the juvenile skeleton was only 8 meters (about 26 feet) in length and an adult skeleton was not present, paleontologists estimated that fully grown members of this species could have been as large as 15 meters (about 49 feet) long. [53], For his 1986 thesis, Argentinian paleontologist Jaime Powell described and classified many new genera of South American titanosaurs. [19] In 2016, using equations that estimate body mass based on the circumference of the humerus and femur of quadrupedal animals, Bernardo Gonzles Riga and colleagues estimated a mass of 96.4 tonnes (106.3 short tons) based on an isolated femur; the identity of this femur is uncertain whether it actually belongs to Argentinosaurus. Argentinosaurus was named by Bonaparte and the Argentine palaeontologist Rodolfo Coria in 1993; the genus contains a single species, A. huinculensis. 364 characters were selected from all previous phylogenetic analyses and scored across 29 probable titanosaurs, ranging from the Late Jurassic African Janenschia to the large variety of Late Cretaceous global genera. Dado seu tamanho gigantesco, apropriado que o Argentinosaurus seja classificado como um titanossauro, a famlia de saurpodes de armadura leve que se espalhou por todos os continentes da Terra mais tarde no perodo Cretceo.. O parente titanossauro mais prximo deste dinossauro parece ter sido o Saltasaurus muito . [2][6]:205 The pleurocoels (excavations on the sides of the centra) were proportionally small and positioned in the front half of the centrum. It is the largest land . A type known as the Patagotitan weighed in at 77 tons, while the Argentinosaurus reached 110 tons and up to 40 meters (131 feet) in length. [48] Another 2019 study by Gonzlez Riga and colleagues also found Argentinosaurus to belong to Lognkosauria; they found this group to form a larger clade with Rinconsauria within Titanosauria, which they named Colossosauria. Aside from the Argentinosaurus, there were still other Titanosaurus that were larger in weight and height. The age of the sandstone and mudstone layers containing the fossils suggest that Austroposeidon magnificus lived between 84 million and 66 million years ago. The taxa that possessed the articulations were united within the new family Andesauridae, and the two families were grouped together within the new clade Titanosauria. Argentinosaurus was classified outside this group and thus as a more basal ("primitive") titanosaurian. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuds. Dreadnoughtus - Wikipedia (2016). The primary focus of the analysis was on the basal titanosauriform taxa, but Titanosauria was defined, as the most recent common ancestor of Andesaurus delgadoi and Saltasaurus loricatus, and all its descendants, although the only autapomorphy of the group recovered was the absence of a prominent ventral process on the scapula. Another taxon of tiny titanosaurs, Ibirania, lived a non-insular context in Upper Creaceous Brazil, and is an example of nanism resultant from other ecological pressures.[26]. [58] The Huincul Formation is among the richest Patagonian vertebrate associations, preserving fish including dipnoans and gar, chelid turtles, squamates, sphenodonts, neosuchian crocodilians, and a wide variety of dinosaurs. The 2010 study mentioned another vertebra that was not mentioned by the 1993 and 2006 studies; it was presumed to belong to the rear part of the dorsal column. Titanosaur Fossil in Argentina May Belong to the Largest Land Animal Ever Only three complete titanosaur necks are known: the holotype of Futalognkosaurus and two undescribed specimens from Argentina. Supersaurus, Argentinosaurus, and Diplodocus were the largest creatures to ever walk the Earth, stretching more than 100 feet from their pencil-like teeth to their sinuous tails. [43] Titanosaurs are now known to be most closely related to euhelopodids and brachiosaurids; together they form a clade named Titanosauriformes. The more complete taxon can then be scaled up to match the dimensions of Argentinosaurus. Opisthocoelicaudia was also nested deeply in Saltasaurinae, though a further investigation of titanosaur interrelationships was proposed. [55][59] Vertebrates are most commonly found in the lower, and therefore older, part of the formation. For instance, Argentinosaurus is one of the biggest sauropods, and it is often referred to as a Titanosaur there is a real titanosaurus species yes, and to be frank if they made it a different larger titanosaur species in the dossier it'd make alot more sense #10 Scanova the Carnotaurus Jun 12, 2016 @ 11:07am Originally posted by Red River: Saltasaurus is a titanosaur named for the city of Salta in northern Argentina, where it was discovered. [57], Fossilised pollen indicates a wide variety of plants were present in the Huincul Formation. Argentinosaurus is a genus of giant sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Argentina.Although it is only known from fragmentary remains, Argentinosaurus is one of the largest known land animals of all time, perhaps the largest, reaching 30-35 metres (98-115 ft) in length and 60-75 tonnes (66-83 short tons) in body mass. Lognkosauria moved to be within rinconsaurs, while Nemegtosauridae was resolved as the sister of Aeolosaurus and Gondwanatitan, and the rinconsaur-lognkosaur branch. He serves currently as the editor of Earth and life sciences, covering climatology, geology, zoology, and other topics that relate to Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. United by: caudals with anteriorly-shifted neural spines, extremely robust forearm bones, a prominent concavity on the ulna for articulation with the humerus, a laterally flared and flattened ilium, and a less robust pubis; Upchurch considered the clade sister taxon to Diplodocoidea, because of their shared dental anatomy, although he noted that peg-like teeth might have been independently evolved. [56] The deposits represent the drainage system of a braided river. The same area is reduced in Argentinosaurus to only two ridges, and is fully absent in taxa like Opisthocoelicaudia and Saltasaurus. [8] To counter this problem, palaeontologists can compare the known material with that of smaller related sauropods known from more complete remains. Both redescribed Asian taxa, as well as Yongjinglong, previously considered derived titanosaurs related to Saltasauridae, were removed to outside the clade. Titanosaurus was a large animal, reaching lengths of up to 25 meters (80 feet). Much larger terrestrial vertebrates might be possible but would require different body shapes and possibly behavioural change to prevent joint collapse. [40], Titanosaurs are classified as sauropod dinosaurs. Lately, titanosaurs (but not Titanosaurus) have been generating headlines, as bigger and bigger specimens have been discovered in South America. Only the three genera and various intermediate specimens were included in Aeolosaurini in their 2004 paper, with the tribe being considered to be within Saltasaurinae. In their 2004 study, Mazzetta and colleagues mentioned an additional femur that is housed in the La Plata Museum under the specimen number MLP-DP 46-VIII-21-3. [8] However, Paul found Patagotitan to be smaller than Argentinosaurus in 2019, due to the latter's dorsal column being considerably longer. Although it is only known from fragmentary remains, Argentinosaurus is one of the largest known land animals of all time, perhaps the largest, reaching 3035 metres (98115ft) in length and 6075 tonnes (6683 short tons) in body mass. [2][3][4]:35 The additional material recovered included seven dorsal vertebrae (vertebrae of the back),[1] the underside of the sacrum (fused vertebrae between the dorsal and tail vertebrae) including the first to fifth sacral vertebrae and some sacral ribs, and a part of a dorsal rib (rib from the flank). [65], The second edition of The Dinosauria, published in 2004, included newly described titanosaurs and other taxa reidentified as titanosaurs. The final analysis included 15 titanosaurs and 65 characters, and the typical titanosaur subclades were resolved, Titanosauridae being used over Lithostrotia following Salgado (2003), and the new clade Rinconsauria for the clade of Rinconsaurus and Muyelensaurus. [28], Wilson and Paul Upchurch followed this study up in 2003 with a significant revision of the type genus Titanosaurus, and revisited all the material that had been assigned to the genus while reviewing titanosaur inter-relationships. In both studies, the new taxa formed clades within Titanosauridae, although neither were named, and new diagnostic features were proposed for the family. This suggests that Alamosaurus, Neuquensaurus, Saltasaurus and Rapetosaurus - all known from imperfect or disarticulated remains previously associated with a lack of phalanges - may have had phalanges but lost them after death. Starting with the weightiest, the gold-medal winner is likely Argentinosaurus. Titanosaur skulls are especially rare. Difficulties in interpretation arise from the fragmentary preservation of the vertebral column; these joints are hidden from view in the two connected vertebrae. The sizes of these fossils suggest that a fully grown Austroposeidon magnificus measured 25 meters (82 feet) long. The discovery of such a large femur allowed many paleontologists to assert that Paralititan rivaled Argentinosaurus in size. Argentinosaurus is arguably the largest dinosaur to ever walk the earth, while a few dinosaurs were longer and taller, argentinosaurus was the heaviest, individuals found to have still being growing during the time of death. Saltasaurinae was defined as the most recent ancestor of Neuquensaurus, Saltasaurus and its descendants, and diagnosed by short cervical prezygapophyses, vertically compressed anterior caudals, and a posteriorly shifted anterior caudal neural spine. The computer model was based on a laser scan of a mounted skeletal reconstruction on display at the Museo Carmen Funes. There is only one known species, D. schrani. [63] The situation of caudals in Rinconsaurus also suggested procoelous caudals were no longer diagnostic, because in the tail of Rinconsaurus the vertebrae regularly changed their articular surfaces, being from procoelous caudals interspersed with amphicoelous, opisthocoelous and biconvex vertebrae. In addition, a skull of a juvenile and a skull of an adult were found at the site. Titanosaurus Facts and Figures - ThoughtCo [28] Other authors argued most titanosaur genera lacked hyposphene-hypantrum articulations and that the articular structures seen in Epachthosaurus and Argentinosaurus are thickened vertebral laminae (ridges). When it comes to the size of the Titanosaurus vs blue whale, there can be two different measures for comparison. [32] However, Diamantinasaurus, while lacking carpals, preserves a manual formula of 21111, including a thumb claw and phalanges on all other digits. Because they found Titanosaurus to be a dubious name, they proposed that Linnaean-named groups Titanosauridae and Titanosauroidea should be considered invalid as well. Weighing approximately 136 metric tons (150 tons) and growing to a length of more than 30 meters (98 feet), it is also the largest animal that ever lived. In some titanosaurs, the skull was especially diplodocid-like due to square-shaped jaws;[27] the titanosaur Antarctosaurus is especially similar to the rebbachisaurid Nigersaurus. [60] Theropods including carcharodontosaurids such as Mapusaurus,[52] abelisaurids including Skorpiovenator,[65] Ilokelesia, and Tralkasaurus,[66] noasaurids such as Huinculsaurus,[67] paravians such as Overoraptor,[68] and other theropods such as Aoniraptor and Gualicho[69] have also been discovered there. Biggest Dinosaur Ever? Maybe. Maybe Not. - National Geographic Opisthocoelicaudia was placed in Opisthocoelicaudiinae within Camarasauridae, following its original description and not later works, and Nemegtosaurus and Quaesitosaurus were placed within Dicraeosaurinae. On the lognkosaur branch of Eutitanosauria, there is a branch of lognkosaurs and one of Rinconsauria. [57] This was followed up by Upchurch's 1998 study on sauropod phylogenetics, which additionally recovered Phuwiangosaurus and Andesaurus within Titanosauroidea and resolved Opisthocoelicaudia as the sister of Saltasaurus instead of the most basal titanosauroid. [51]:206207, In 2013, Sellers and colleagues used a computer model of the skeleton and muscles of Argentinosaurus to study its speed and gait. recovered Opisthocoelicaudia as a titanosauroid outside Titanosauria, while Titanosauria was redefined to include only the taxa classified by their study. [13] In 2013, William Sellers and colleagues arrived at a length estimate of 39.7 metres (130ft) and a shoulder height of 7.3 metres (24ft) by measuring the skeletal mount in Museo Carmen Funes. (2007), although Epachthosaurus was nested with Rapetosaurus outside the clades of aeolosaurines. Dreadnoughtus schrani vs a blue whale Dreadnoughtus schrani is a newly discovered species of dinosaur and the biggest titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur found so far. The Barremian (middle Early Cretaceous) species Titanosaurus valdensis, named decades previous by Huene, was kept as the oldest of the titanosaurid and given the new genus name Iuticosaurus. [29][31]:309310 In 1996, Bonaparte stated these features would have made the spine more rigid and were possibly an adaptation to the giant size of the animal. [5][6] In 1996, Bonaparte referred (assigned) a complete femur (thigh bone) from the same locality to the genus, which was put on exhibit at the Museo Carmen Funes. However, it is clearly a type of titanosaur. [10] Later that year, estimates by Bonaparte and Coria suggesting a hind limb length of 4.5 metres (15ft), a trunk length (hip to shoulder) of 7 metres (23ft), and an overall body length of 30 metres (98ft) were published. Titanosauria was strongly supported, distinguished by up to 20 characters depending on unknown traits in basal taxa. Brachiosaurus VS Rex, Giga, Bronto & Titanosaur Check out ChubbyDino for more Brachiosaurus videos! Wilson & Upchurch (2003) supported the definition of Salgado et al. Some diplodocids, such as Supersaurus and Diplodocus[24][7] may have exceeded Argentinosaurus in length despite being considerably less massive. The individual, which later became the holotype of Argentinosaurus huinculensis, is catalogued under the specimen number MCF-PVPH 1. John P. Rafferty writes about Earth processes and the environment. [55] Several iguanodonts are also present in the Huincul Formation.[54]. The titanosaurs were diagnosed by possessing small pleurocoels centered within an anteroposteriorly elongate depression and the presence of two well defined depressions on the posterior face of the neural arch. [2] This was confirmed by some later authors; Novas noted the hypantrum (a bony extension below the articular processes of the front face of a vertebra) extended sidewards and downwards, forming a much-broadened surface that connected with the equally enlarged hyposphene at the back face of the following vertebra. [53] The authors concluded with its giant size, Argentinosaurus reached a functional limit. [5][8] While the holotype specimen does not preserve a femur, it preserves a slender fibula (originally interpreted as a tibia) that is 1.55 metres (5.1ft) in length. More internal clades were resolved for Titanosauria, with Nemegtosaurus and Rapetosaurus united within Nemegtosauridae, and Saltasauridae including two subfamilies, Opisthocoelicaudiinae and Saltasaurinae. [2] Bonaparte and Coria described the limb bone discovered in 1987 as an eroded tibia (shin bone), although the Uruguayan palaeontologist Gerardo Mazzetta and colleagues reidentified this bone as a left fibula in 2004. A sauropod subgroup called the Titanosauria contained the largest sauropods. [18], Titanosaurs one of the few groups of dinosaurs for which fossil eggs are known. What's the world's largest dinosaur? | Live Science

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