We assembled on Christopher Street at 6th Avenue, to march. A police officer, Charles Holmes, was treated at St. Vincents Hospital after being bitten on the right wrist by a rioter. A, B, C, & D) Another cause of the Stonewall Riots was the fact that being gay was illegal. All of this stuff was just erupting like a -- as far as they were considered, like a gigantic boil on the butt of America. I really thought that, you know, we did it. The Stonewall Riots are widely considered to be the start of the LGBT rights movement in the United States. All gifts are made through Stanford University and are tax-deductible. Martha Shelley Ed Koch, mayorof New York City from1978 to 1989, discussesgay civil rights in New York in the 1960s. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We were looking for secret exits and one of the policewomen was able to squirm through the window and they did find a way out. Amber Hall People started throwing pennies. Martin Boyce:Mind you socks didn't count, so it was underwear, and undershirt, now the next thing was going to ruin the outfit. Martin Boyce:You could be beaten, you could have your head smashed in a men's room because you were looking the wrong way. There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. That night, the But it's serious, don't kid yourselves about it. WebStonewall Riots In the early hours of June 28, 1969, a police raid of the Stonewall Inn exploded into a riot when patrons of the LGBT bar resisted arrest and clashed with police. A panel discussion on LBGTQ+ research on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:There were complaints from people who objected to the wrongful behavior of some gays who would have sex on the street. John O'Brien:They went for the head wounds, it wasn't just the back wounds and the leg wounds. It provides references for primary documents related to the materials reprinted inThe Stonewall Riots; most of the sources come from newspapers, magazines, and newsletters. In 1969 the solicitation of homosexual relations was an illegal act in New York City (and indeed virtually all other urban centres). The very idea of being out, it was ludicrous. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. The ones that came close you could see their faces in rage. And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." Martha Shelley:I don't know if you remember the Joan Baez song, "It isn't nice to block the doorway, it isn't nice to go to jail, there're nicer ways to do it but the nice ways always fail." And they were having a meeting at town hall and there were 400 guys who showed up, and I think a couple of women, talking about these riots, 'cause everybody was really energized and upset and angry about it. Philly took me to NYC for the 1st time and we went to a bar called The Sewer. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. That night, the police ran from us, the lowliest of the low. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. Producers Library The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. I was a man. It welcomed drag queens, who received a bitter reception at other gay bars and clubs. Drag queens and Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:We would scatter, ka-poom, every which way. Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors manner of the way the police conducted themselves. Thats why all our lessons and assessments are free. Forty years later I am But it was a refuge, it was a temporary refuge from the street. Stonewall Riot NYPD Reports and Transcriptions. An article in the Rat, Subterranean News entitled "Queen Power" chronicling the night of the Stonewall Uprising and the centrality of drag queens, trans, and gender non-conforming participants. That's what gave oxygen to the fire. WebView Valiyah Johnson - Stonewall Riot Questions.pdf from ACCT 40 at Georgia Virtual School. How do you Ensure The fire department and a riot squad were eventually able to douse the flames, rescue those inside Stonewall, and disperse the crowd. Somehow being gay was the most terrible thing you could possibly be. We didn't necessarily know where we were going yet, you know, what organizations we were going to be or how things would go, but we became something I, as a person, could all of a sudden grab onto, that I couldn't grab onto when I'd go to a subway T-room as a kid, or a 42nd street movie theater, you know, or being picked up by some dirty old man. It was done in our little street talk. Quentin Heilbroner Daily News This 19-year-old serviceman left his girlfriend on the beach to go to a men's room in a park nearby where he knew that he could find a homosexual contact. So I run down there. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. There are a lot of kids here. The 1960s and preceding decades were not welcoming times for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Americans. It was right in the center of where we all were. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of straight America, in terms of the middle class, was recoiling in horror from what was happening all around them at that time, in that summer and the summer before. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:I had a column inThe Village Voicethat ran from '66 all the way through '84. None of the nine pages of reports It was as bad as any situation that I had met in during the army, had just as much to worry about. Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. I'm losing everything that I have. Interviewer (Archival):What type of laws are you after? Over a short period of time, he will be unable to get sexually aroused to the pictures, and hopefully, he will be unable to get sexually aroused inside, in other settings as well. COMM 2081 - Chapter 8; The Mafia owned the jukeboxes, they owned the cigarette machines and most of the liquor was off a truck hijacking. WebFor the first time, in the seven documents obtained by Katz, the names of those arrested are not blacked out, providing the public and historians with important new evidence about For instance, solicitation of same-sex relations was illegal in New York City. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. Lance Douglass- StonewallRiots part 2.pdf - Document A: New That this was normal stuff. Our lessons and assessments are available for free download once you've created an account. I mean you got a major incident going on down there and I didn't see any TV cameras at all. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. That night, the It was a leaflet that attacked the relationship of the police and the Mafia and the bars that we needed to see ended. Edmund White (Foreword by); New York Public Library (Editor), Phyllis Lyon/Del Martin And The Daughters Of Bilitis, Arrest Reports from the 1969 Stonewall Uprising, Stonewall and It's Impact on the Gay Liberation Movement, Stonewall 50: Library of Congress Panel Discussion on LGBTQ+ Research, Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee Bulletin and Reports, Black Cat Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1967. Anthony Wilhite - Stonewall Riots guiding questions Franco Sacchi, Additional Animation and Effects Links to additional online content are included when available. most fun and fascinating nights of my life. As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. This 1955 educational film warns of homosexuality, calling it "a sickness of the mind.". And she was quite crazy. And it would take maybe a half hour to clear the place out. The first documented U.S. gay rights organization, The Society for Human Rights (SHR), was founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber, a German immigrant. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Daniel Pine How do you think that would affect him mentally, for the rest of their lives if they saw an act like that being? In fact, the NYPD had stormed Stonewall Inn just a few days before the riot-inducing raid. Everyone from the street kids who were white and black kids from the South. informativespeechoutline.docx - In the Civil Rights Was he present at the Stonewall Riots? One poignant example is the murder of Frederick Wiliam Paez on the 11th anniversary of Stonewall (June 28 1980) who was shot by a police officer who had solicited him. I mean they were making some headway. John DiGiacomo Like most gay bars in New York, it was owned by the Mafia, an organized crime group. Martin Boyce:For me, there was no bar like the Stonewall, because the Stonewall was like the watering hole on the savannah. the six-day series of disturbances that began as a protest by gays against police harassment and became a defining moment in the gay-rights movement. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:That night I'm in my office, I looked down the street, and I could see the Stonewall sign and I started to see some activity in front. But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. "The Stonewall Riotsis an invaluable addition to LGBTQ+ history, gathering for the first time a wealth of primary documents that will deepen understanding of a pivotal, culture-changing event." They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. And I just didn't understand that. Alexis Charizopolis Oddball Film + Video, San Francisco Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:I never bought a drink at the Stonewall. Chris Mara, Production Assistants Just let's see if they can. I am not alone, there are other people that feel exactly the same way.". What Jimmy didn't know is that Ralph was sick. Doug Cramer We didn't expect we'd ever get to Central Park. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The "Stonewall Era" corresponds with the opening of the Stonewallin January 1966 until it closed in December 1969. Watch documentary footage of the first Pride march held in New York City on June 28, 1970, Gay and Proud, a documentary by activist Lilli Vincenz: The S.V.A. Aaron Lecklider Journal of American History, Volume 107, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 794796, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa438 Published: 01 December 2020 PDF Split View Cite Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots. Jimmy hadn't enjoyed himself so much in a long time. Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. American Airlines They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement and led to the creation of various gay activist groups in the United States and around the world. And that crowd between Howard Johnson's and Mama's Chik-n-Rib was like the basic crowd of the gay community at that time in the Village. The lights came on, it's like stop dancing. Dick Leitsch:Well, gay bars were the social centers of gay life. Saying I don't want to be this way, this is not the life I want. 2. WebView informativespeechoutline.docx from COMM MISC at Texas State University. National Archives and Records Administration Giles Kotcher But instead of responding with the routine compliance the NYPD expected, While the events of Stonewall are often referred to as "riots," Stonewall veterans have explicitly stated that they prefer the term Stonewalluprising orrebellion. Stonewall Homo, homo was big. In this lesson, students analyze four documents to answer the question: What caused the Stonewall Riots? Beginning of our night out started early. It was a down at a heels kind of place, it was a lot of street kids and things like that. Don't fire until I fire. Getting then in the car, rocking them back and forth. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:This was the Rosa Parks moment, the time that gay people stood up and said no. I was celebrating my birthday at the Stonewall. And the Stonewall was part of that system. The music was great, cafes were good, you know, the coffee houses were good. We'll put new liquor in there, we'll put a new mirror up, we'll get a new jukebox." The Stonewall riots, as they came to be known, marked a major turning point in the modern gay civil rights movement in the United States and around the world. Stonewall Riots Teacher Materials.pdf ABCNEWS VideoSource Website support provided by Margaret Paz. Martha Shelley:Before Stonewall, the homophile movement was essentially the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis and all of these other little gay organizations, some of which were just two people and a mimeograph machine. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:There were no instructions except: put them out of business. Narrator (Archival):This involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current. Yvonne Ritter:"In drag," quote unquote, the downside was that you could get arrested, you could definitely get arrested if someone clocked you or someone spooked that you were not really what you appeared to be on the outside. as an authoritative account of the uprising. Research Guides: Civil Rights Movements: Sources on Stonewall They call them hotels, motels, lovers' lanes, drive-in movie theaters, etc. Martha Shelley:In those days, what they would do, these psychiatrists, is they would try to talk you into being heterosexual. And so Howard said, "We've got police press passes upstairs." Stonewall All rights reserved. And the people coming out weren't going along with it so easily. The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History . Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattachine Society, an organization dedicated to gay rights, staged a sip-in where they openly declared their sexuality at taverns, daring staff to turn them away and suing establishments who did. Slate:Perversion for Profit(1965), Citizens for Decency Through Law. And when she grabbed that everybody knew she couldn't do it alone so all the other queens, Congo Woman, queens like that started and they were hitting that door. Though the Stonewall uprising didnt start the gay rights movement, it was a galvanizing force for LGBT political activism, leading to numerous gay rights organizations, including the Gay Liberation Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), andPFLAG (formerly Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays). (Indeed, photographs taken by The New York Times from the final night of the riots, Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. Except for the few mob-owned bars that allowed some socializing, it was basically for verboten. A couple of weeks before, friends in The Stonewall Riots - A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United Seven pages of records were released by the citys Police Department in response to a Freedom of Information Law request. Historians have noted that the shift in activism, if Stonewall truly represented one at all, was a shift primarily for white cisgender people, as people of color and gender non-conforming people never truly had the benefit of concealing their marginalized identities. This time the people milling outside the bar did not retreat or scatter as they almost always had in the past. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:There were gay bars all over town, not just in Greenwich Village. Primary sources available at the Library of Congress provide detailed information about how this first Pride march was planned, and the reasons why activists felt so strongly that it should exist. They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. You can find the latest New York Today The stomping occurred around 3 a.m. on June 28, 1969, at the start of what would later be known as the Stonewall uprising , the six-day series of disturbances that stream We had been threatened bomb threats. Stonewall Riots The five days of rioting that ensued changed forever the face of gay and lesbian life. Mr. Katz highlighted several ways in which the documents cast new light on the Stonewall uprising: In an interview, Mr. Carter said of the documents, Theres potential there for learning a lot more.. Martin Boyce:And then more police came, and it didn't stop. We were winning. I mean does anyone know what that is? % Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. Martha Shelley:When I was growing up in the '50s, I was supposed to get married to some guy, produce, you know, the usual 2.3 children, and I could look at a guy and say, "Well, objectively he's good looking," but I didn't feel anything, just didn't make any sense to me. Interviewer (Archival):Are you a homosexual? But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! He may appear normal, and it may be too late when you discover he is mentally ill. John O'Brien:I was a poor, young gay person. But I'm wearing this police thing I'm thinking well if they break through I better take it off really quickly but they're gunna come this way and we're going to be backing up and -- who knows what'll happen. There are multiple options for finding the documentary sources listed in the bibliographies. WebView informativespeechoutline.docx from COMM MISC at Texas State University. And it was fantastic. If anybody should find out I was gay and would tell my mother, who was in a wheelchair, it would have broken my heart and she would have thought she did something wrong. Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. Danny Garvin:We had thought of women's rights, we had thought of black rights, all kinds of human rights, but we never thought of gay rights, and whenever we got kicked out of a bar before, we never came together. John O'Brien:Cops got hurt. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. I believe hes an honorable man, In 1999 the U.S. National Park Service placed the Stonewall Inn on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 2016 Pres. rebellion in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. His movements are not characteristic of a real boy. The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall If youre interested in learning more about the Stonewall Riots, theres a free sneak preview of an upcoming American Experience film at the New York Public Library this evening at 6:30pm. The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives Because its all right in the Village, but the minute we cross 14th street, if there's only ten of us, God knows what's going to happen to us.". Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. Virginia Apuzzo:What we felt in isolation was a growing sense of outrage and fury particularly because we looked around and saw so many avenues of rebellion. other rioters, Wolfgang Podolski and Thomas Staton, whose involvement in the disturbances had not been documented before. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, I had to act like I wasn't nervous. John O'Brien:If a gay man is caught by the police and is identified as being involved in what they called lewd, immoral behavior, they would have their person's name, their age and many times their home address listed in the major newspapers. It gives back a little of the terror they gave in my life. In the sexual area, in psychology, psychiatry. Martin Boyce:All of a sudden, Miss New Orleans and all people around us started marching step by step and the police started moving back. Danny Garvin:And the cops just charged them. You were alone. After two years, police said they had been informed that liquor was being served on the premises. I was back living in my hometown of Bangor, Maine when I heard the news on the local radio station of the riot at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village. These homosexuals glorify unnatural sex acts. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. Dick Leitsch:Very often, they would put the cops in dresses, with makeup and they usually weren't very convincing. consists of actual Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Straight. Because the owners were still making a profit, they simply adjusted to the raids, and were often tipped off about them ahead of time.The Stonewall was raided on average once a month leading up to the raid on June 28, 1969 (Martin Duberman,Stonewall p. 187), and had been raided once already that same week. Danny Garvin Combining exhaustively researched narrative with meticulously curated photographs, the book traces queer activism from its roots in late-nineteenth-century Europe--long before the pivotal Stonewall Riots of 1969--to the gender warriors leading the charge today. To find additional materials on this topic, search the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. Janice Flood People talk about being in and out now, there was no out, there was just in. I first engaged in such acts when I was 14 years old. Many alternative, independent, and left periodicals are available viaIndependent Voices--Reveal Digital. The Stonewall Inn was a sanctuary for drag queens, who were not always welcomed even at other gay bars. That wasn't ours, it was borrowed. June is internationally recognized as Pride Month, and this years celebrations mark the 50 th anniversary of the Stonewall Riotsthe catalyst for the modern LGBTQ+ civil rights movement.. Martha Babcock The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". And there was tear gas on Saturday night, right in front of the Stonewall. The organization with the largest donation to Christopher Street Liberation Day 1970 was the Queens Liberation Front, donating $50 (CSLDC Bulletin and Reports External, Cash Receipts Journal). Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. Stonewall and Marsha Johnson Documents

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