A panel bootstrap cointegration test. (2006). The relative instability of many African nations is cited by experts as one of the reasons why Africa has not benefited from globalization as much as countries in Asia and Latin America.Benefits of GlobalizationGlobalization provides businesses with a competitive advantage by allowing them to source raw materials where they are inexpensive. It has been observed in the literature that possible contradictions between these goals are ignored. The critical values will be provided using the bootstrap method in order to prevent cross-sectional dependence. International trade, capital flows, migration, technological transfer and cultural exchanges are some of the typical manifestations of this process. This method considers cross-sectional dependence and provides robust results in small samples (Westerlund and Edgerton, 2007). Cadernos de Sade Pblica, 18, 17831788. These results support the evidence of Barlow and Vissandjee (1999), Or (2000), and Shahbaz et al. Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J. E. (2019). Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 5093. (2006). They also suffer from bad health conditions such as low life expectancy, communicable diseases, and high mortality rates according to MDG indexes given above. While not as wealthy or privileged as their Davos counterparts, members of this international faculty club wield tremendous influence through their association with educational institutions worldwide and have been instrumental in promoting feminism, environmentalism, and human rights as global issues. Using estimation techniques that consider cross-sectional dependence in those countries prevents misleading results. Polity IV Project: Political regime characteristics and transitions, 18002002: Dataset users manual. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Globalization can simply be defined as the process of international integration which has economic, social, and political dimensions (Dreher 2006). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The journal of Politics, 74(2), 541557. In the context of sustainable development goals, our results show that there is no conflict between SDG3 (good health and well-being) and SDG17 (partnerships for the goals). Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey, Arif Eser Guzel,Unal Arslan&Ali Acaravci, You can also search for this author in These results are contradictory to positive views on the role of globalization in public health. The effect of democracy on life expectancy is also positive and significant at 1% which confirms the findings of Franco et al. PDF Globalization Positive or Negative? 4-6 - Province of Manitoba Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Constant and trend are both considered in the analysis of cointegration, and critical values are obtained from 5000 bootstrap replications. There are approaches known as the unequal exchange that globalization increases inequality among countries and that developed countries are more profitable from the globalization process (Love, 1980). Globalization pros and cons: economic, cultural, political National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. These SDGs are Good Health and Well-Being (SDG3) and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG17). As expected, poverty rates significantly reduced in the last two decades because of the integration of developing economies to global markets (Harrison 2006). By minimizing the BIC, we obtain \(\widehat{k}\). 2006). In their recent study, Shahbaz et al. The results of homogeneity tests developed by Pesaran and Yamagata (2008) are given in Table 2. Social Indicators Research, 129(3), 11551170. Challenges to national sovereignty and identity, Anti-globalism movements and the Internet, Borrowing and translating popular culture, https://www.britannica.com/science/cultural-globalization, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Cultural syndromes in the era of globalization, Social Science LibreTexts - Globalization. (1999). PubMedGoogle Scholar. The results are shown in Table 4. Google Scholar. Sustainable Development, 27(4), 545572. (2015). Even HIV-infected people can survive with antiretroviral therapy, and it also reduces sexual transmission of the infection (Dollar 2001; Cohen et al. However, it was emphasized that some sub-goals should be realized in order to reach this goal. Google Scholar. \({\stackrel{\sim }{\Delta }}_{adj}\) is a bias-adjusted version of \(\stackrel{\sim }{\Delta }\). According to regression results, per capita income, literacy rate, and lower fertility are important determinants of life expectancy while living in a tropical area decreasing it. International Journal of Health Services, 36(4), 767786. Globalization, the positive and negative effects of Globalization. The results show that a 1% increase in globalization index increases life expectancy %0.014 and %0.015 according to CUP-FM and BA-OLS estimators, respectively. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. MPRA Working Paper, No. One of the most critical negative effects of globalization deals with the gap between social layers ("Globalization," 2015). Zafar, M. W., Saud, S., & Hou, F. (2019a). BMJ, 329(7480), 14211423. 2014). Haliselik, E., & Soytas, M. A. Financing Through the crisis and beyond. This allows business organizations in developed countries to invest in developing countries. Kabir, M. (2008). Guivis Zeufack Nkemgha, Honor Oumb Tkam & Alim Belek, Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka Wirajing, Tii N. Nchofoung & Roger Tsafack Nanfosso, Yogi Sugiawan, Robi Kurniawan & Shunsuke Managi, Pilar Gracia-de-Rentera, Hugo Ferrer-Prez, George Philippidis, Environment, Development and Sustainability Bulletin of the world Health Organization, 79, 827833. Australian Economic Papers, 58(4), 444479. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. 1, X refers to the KOF Globalization Index developed by Dreher (2006). Globalization creates new opportunities, but at the same time it gives rise to new vulnerabilities and allows the emergence of new threats that, once materialized, can have a major impact at a. Globalization, economic freedom, and human rights. For this purpose, the role of globalization and democracy in life expectancy is empirically investigated in 16 low-income countries over the period 19702017. New New technologies which emerge in some developed country are available to other poor and underdeveloped Globalization can play an important role in improving the health conditions of low-income countries to the extent that it can provide these linkages. Effects of Globalization on the Environment - Business Insights Blog In our analysis, we used subcomponents of globalization index such as economic (EC), social (SOS), and political (POL) globalization in addition to overall globalization (GLB). (2008) bias-adjusted LM test. Their results show that globalization, financial development, and economic growth affect life expectancy positively in 14 of 16 Sub-Saharan African countries. Determinants of national life expectancy. One may think about unhealthy conditions of an urban area such as environmental degradation, air and water pollution, higher crime rates, and stress which reduce life expectancy. In general, critics blame the pressures of globalization for encouraging an environment that exploits workers in countries that do not offer sufficient protections.Studies also suggest that globalization may contribute to income disparity and inequality between the more educated and less educated members of a society. Franco, ., lvarez-Dardet, C., & Ruiz, M. T. (2004). Ha, E. (2012). Part of. Another global subgroup comprises cosmopolitans who nurture an intellectual appreciation for local cultures. The largest job creation and destruction effects come from environmental, technology and economic trends. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. 71112. Such results may also lead to incorrect inferences (Chudik and Pesaran, 2013). They also used average years of education, urban population, the number of physicians, and nutrition as control variables and the effect of economic globalization was still positive and significant. CAS Following the European exploration of the New World, globalization occurred on a grand scale; the widespread transfer of plants, animals, foods, cultures, and ideas became known as the Columbian Exchange. To improve the health conditions of a country, the welfare of the poor should be improved as well. (2007). Chapman, A. R. (2009). According to results, democracy has a positive and significant effect on life expectancy at birth and it also reduces child mortality. Welander et al. Globalization' Positive and Negative Effects - StudyCorgi.com The Review of International Organizations, 14, 543574. This method considers cross-sectional dependence and can be used, while the series are integrated in the same order. w12347). In addition, higher levels of democracy lead to higher levels of life expectancy. It may also increase domestic income inequality. Globalization - Overview, Pros and Cons, and Tech Impacts The existence of cross-sectional dependence in variables and the error term is obtained from the model analyzed with Pesaran (2004) \({\text{CD}}_{{{\text{LM}}}}\) and Pesaran et al. The impact of globalization and financial development on environmental quality: Evidence from selected countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Both of the estimators require cointegrated variables in the long run. Globalisation is having a dramatic effect - for good or bad - on world economies and . Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models. According to estimations of the continuous-updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and bias-adjusted ordinary least squares (BA-OLS), globalization and its subcomponents such as economic, social, and political globalization affect life expectancy positively. In the estimation of long-run coefficients, the CUP-FM estimator was used and this method is based on the following regression, where \({\widehat{\lambda }}_{i}^{^{\prime}}\) refers to the estimated factor loadings and \(\hat{y}_{{i,t}}^{ + } = y_{{i,t}} - \left( {\lambda _{i} ^{\prime } \hat{\Omega }_{{F \in i}} + \hat{\Omega }_{{\mu \in i}} } \right)\hat{\Omega }_{{ \in i}}^{{ - 1}} {{\Delta }}x_{{i,t}}\) indicates the transformation of the dependent variable for endogeneity correction. Politics and population health: Testing the impact of electoral democracy. Previous works mostly provide global evidence, while only a few studies focus on less developed countries. Therefore, in order to make a methodological contribution to previous literature, we used second-generation panel time series methods considering cross-sectional dependence. In some cases, this may contribute to improved health by enabling a more varied and healthier diet; in others, it is blamed for increases in unhealthy food consumption and diabetes.DownsidesNot everything about globalization is beneficial. They committed their nations to a new international partnership to achieve some development targets having with the final deadline of 2015. Another negative effect of globalization is trade. Globalization has enabled the exchange and spread of cultural diversity around the world, such as food, music and art. Globalization and health: Pathways, evidence and policy. (2004). Social Science and Medicine, 136, 5263. Second, empirical works in previous literature consist of traditional estimation methods called first-generation tests. (2000). Traditional panel data methods are based on the assumption that no cross-sectional dependence exists among cross section units. The effects of globalization on growth were mostly driven by free trade, international specialization, technology transfers, knowledge spillovers, and competitive markets. Arif Eser Guzel. In addition, democracy is an important tool in achieving the goal of a healthy society, as it fosters accountability, transparency, and partnership between governments and the societies they rule. Following this study, Tausch (2015) analyzed the role of globalization in life expectancy in 99 countries. Furthermore, the growth in the number of temporary workers has brought adverse effects to. Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. In democracies, governments have an obligation to account to citizens for what purposes the resources were used. The garment industry in Bangladesh makes clothes that are then shipped out across the world. As pointed out by Swedish anthropologist Ulf Hannerz, this group advocates a view of global culture based not on the replication of uniformity but on the organization of diversity. Often promoting this view are nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that lead efforts to preserve cultural traditions in the developing world. According to Bai and Kao (2006), CUP-FM estimator is robust under cross-sectional dependence. (2020). (2019). Since the start of civilization, people have traded goods with their neighbors. Third, due to knowledge spillovers and communication technology, people can learn about healthy nutrition and protection from communicable diseases. Those who are in favor also claim that trade across borders will help limit military . CESifo Working Paper (No. As the standard of living increased, more children of poor families left work and attended school.Consumers benefit too. The long-run estimation results given in Table 5 show that overall, economic, social, and political globalization are positively associated with life expectancy at 1% significance level according to both CUP-FM and BA-OLS estimators. In the equation above, V(k) is the estimated variance of \({\widehat{u}}_{it}\) based on k factors. One such cadre, according to political scientist Samuel Huntington in The Clash of Civilizations (1998), comprises an elite group of highly educated people who operate in the rarefied domains of international finance, media, and diplomacy.

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